NVT ensemble

The NVT ensemble is a statistical ensemble that is used to study material properties under the conditions of a constant particle number N, constant volume V and a temperature fluctuating around an equilibrium value T. This page describes how to sample the NVT ensemble from a molecular dynamics run.

Instructions for setting up a NVT ensemble

There are four choices of thermostats which can either be stochastic or deterministic to simulate the NVT ensemble. The stochastic Andersen thermostat or Langevin thermostat, the deterministic Nose-Hoover thermostat or Multiple Andersen thermostats can be used. See table for the corresponding MDALGO tags.

NVT ensemble	Andersen	Langevin	Nose-Hoover	Multiple Andersen
MDALGO	1	3	2	13
additional tags	ANDERSEN_PROB	LANGEVIN_GAMMA	SMASS	NSUBSYS, TSUBSYS, PSUBSYS

The additional tags in the column of every thermostat have to be set. For example the Nose-Hover thermostat needs the additional SMASS tag. To enforce constant volume throughout the calculation, ISIF has to be set to less than 3. The cell shape and volume have to be preoptimized when doing NVT simulations. This can either be done with NpT_ensemble molecular-dynamics run or by doing static optimization calculations with IBRION one or two and setting ISIF larger than 2.

Other tags related to molecular dynamics simulations can be found here.

An example INCAR file for the Langevin thermostat could look like'

 #INCAR molecular dynamics tags NVT ensemble 
 IBRION = 0                   # choose molecular dynamics 
 MDALGO = 3                   # using Langevin thermostat 
 ISIF = 2                     # compute stress tensor but do not change box volume/shape 
 TEBEG = 300                  # set temperature 
 NSW = 10000                  # number of time steps 
 POTIM = 1.0                  # time step in femto seconds 
 LANGEVIN_GAMMA = 10.0   10.0 # setting friction coefficient in inverse time units for two atom types

Mind: This INCAR file only contains the parameters for the molecular dynamics part. The electronic minimization or the machine learning tags have to be added.

Related tags and articles

REPORT, Molecular dynamics calculations